Ngenxa yokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi koqeqesho lokuvusa abafileyo, kunzima ukujonga imvelaphi yayo yembali. Isincoko esifutshane esibhalwe ngabantu abathile esiqokelela izinto ngokungaqhelekanga sisasazeka ngokubanzi njengenyaniso kwabanye, kodwa enyanisweni, uphando lwenyani luyinto enzima kwaye inzima. Imbali yokufa kunye nokuhluka kwayo inde kakhulu. Abantu banobuchule bemvelo bokuphakamisa izinto ezinzima emhlabeni. Kunokuthiwa ukuba ukubulawa kwabantu kwavela ngokuvela kwabantu.
Ukujonga iirekhodi esele zikho, ubuncinci ukusukela kwinkulungwane ye-18th, umahluko kwinto yokuqala yokubulala: ukuphakamisa iintsimbi kusasazeke kakhulu eNgilane njengendlela yoqeqesho.
Phakathi kwinkulungwane ye-19, izixhobo zokomelela komzimba ezazibizwa ngokuba yi “weightlifting weight” zazikhe zaduma eMelika. Esi sixhobo sasinexabiso kwiidola ezili-100 zaseMelika (malunga ne-2500 yeedola zangoku), umenzi ubanga ukuba sesona sixhobo somzimba sinamandla ehlabathini, asinako ukubuyisela impilo kuphela, kodwa sibumba nomzimba ukwandisa umtsalane. Kuyabonakala emfanekisweni ukuba ezi zixhobo ziyafana nokufa kwemoto kukhuphiswano oluthile lwamandla. Ngokubalulekileyo sisiqendu esincedisayo sokugqibela: ukuphakamisa ubunzima ukusuka ekuphakameni kwethole ukuya kubude besinqe. Umahluko osuka ekufeni esihlala sisenza ngoku kukuba umqeqeshi kufuneka abambe ubunzima kumacala omabini omzimba endaweni yaphambi komzimba. Oku kwenza imo yokusebenza kwayo ifane nomxube wokuqhekeza kunye nokutsala, ngokufana ncam ne-barbell deadlift yanamhlanje. Nangona kunzima ukuqinisekisa ukuba esi sixhobo sasungulwa njani, inqaku elibhalwe nguJan Todd ngo-1993 elithetha ngovulindlela kwezemidlalo yamandla aseMelika uGeorge Barker Windship lisinika imikhondo:
UGeorge Barker Windship (1834-1876), ngugqirha waseMelika. Kwiirekhodi zesebe lezonyango, kubhalwe ukuba kukho indawo yokwenza umthambo eyakhiwe ngakuye kwigumbi lokusebenza laseWindship, kwaye uya kuthi kwizigulana ezize kubona: Ukuba banokuchitha ixesha elininzi kwindawo yokwenza umthambo kwangethuba, abayi ' ndiyayifuna ngoku. Weza kubona ugqirha. I-Windship ikwangumntu onengxabano ngokwakhe. Uhlala ebonisa amandla akhe esidlangalaleni, emva koko abethe ngelixa isinyithi sishushu, enika intetho kubaphulaphuli abothusayo nabanomona, efaka umbono wokuba uqeqesho lwamandla lunokukhuthaza impilo. IWindship ikholelwa ekubeni izihlunu zomzimba wonke kufuneka zilungelelaniswe kwaye zikhule ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle kobuthathaka. Uyayithanda inkqubo yoqeqesho yexeshana, wanyanzelisa ukuba ixesha elinye loqeqesho lingadluli kwiyure enye, kwaye kufuneka aphumle ngokupheleleyo kwaye achache phambi koqeqesho lwesibini. Ukholelwa ukuba le yimfihlelo yempilo kunye nokuphila ixesha elide.
I-Windship yakha yabona izixhobo zomzimba ngokusekwe kuyilo lwe-deadlift eNew York. Owona mthwalo uphakamileyo "kuphela" ngama-420 eepawundi, elula kakhulu kuye. Kungekudala wayila uhlobo lwezixhobo zokomelela yedwa. Isiqingatha wangcwaba ibhakethi elikhulu leplanga eligcwele isanti kunye namatye emhlabeni, wakha iqonga ngaphezulu kwebhakethi elikhulu leplanga, kwaye wafaka iintambo kunye neziphatho kwibhakethi elikhulu leplanga. Umphanda omkhulu weplanga uphakanyisiwe. Obona bunzima buphakanyisiweyo ngesi sixhobo bafikelela kwiiponti ezingama-2 600 ezimangalisayo! Le yidatha eqaqambileyo nokuba uliphi ixesha.
Kungekudala, iindaba zeWindship kunye nokuyilwa kwayo kwasasazeka okomlilo wasendle. Ukulinganisa kuye kwavela njengamahlumela oqalo emva kwemvula. Ngama-1860s, zonke iintlobo zezixhobo ezifanayo zazisele zibolile. Ezinexabiso eliphantsi, ezinje ngezo zenziwe ngumphathi wezempilo waseMelika u-Orson S. Fowler, zazifuna nje ezimbalwa. Iidola zaseMelika zilungile, ngelixa ezixabisa zixabiso elifikelela kumakhulu eedola. Ngokujonga intengiso ngeli xesha, safumanisa ukuba olu hlobo lwezixhobo lujolise ikakhulu kwiintsapho ezikumgangatho ophakathi waseMelika. Iintsapho ezininzi zaseMelika kunye neeofisi zongeze izixhobo ezifanayo, kwaye zininzi iindawo zokuzilolonga ezixhotyiswe ngezixhobo ezifanayo esitratweni. Oku kwabizwa ngokuba "yiklabhu yokuphakamisa iintsimbi esempilweni" ngelo xesha. Ngelishwa, le meko ayizange ihlale ixesha elide. Ngo-1876, i-WIndship yasweleka ineminyaka engama-42. Esi yaba sisibetho esikhulu koqeqesho lwamandla anyukayo kunye nezixhobo zokuphakamisa iintsimbi ezisempilweni. Abameli bayo bonke bafa besebancinci. Ngokwendalo, kukho isizathu sokungasayithembi le ndlela yoqeqesho.
Nangona kunjalo, le meko ayinathemba kangako. Amaqela oqeqesho lokuphakamisa amandla avele ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 aye akhetha ngakumbi ukubulala nokubulala okwahlukileyo. Izwekazi lase-Yuropu lide labamba ukhuphiswano lokuphakamisa iintsimbi ngo-1891, apho kwasetyenziswa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokubulala abantu. Ii-1890s zinokuthathwa njengexesha lokuphakanyiswa kwabantu ababulalayo. Umzekelo, i-661 yeepawundi yokufa ebhalwe ngo-1895 yenye yeerekhodi zakuqala zokufa kwabantu okunzima. Uthixo omkhulu ophumelele le mpumelelo kwathiwa nguJulius Cochard. UmFrentshi, onobude obuziimitha ezili-10 ubude kwaye enobunzima obumalunga neepawundi ezingama-200, wayeyintshatsheli ebalaseleyo kwelo xesha ngamandla omabini nobuchule.
Ukongeza kulo thixo mkhulu, uninzi lwabadlali abomeleleyo boqeqesho ngexesha le-1890-1910 bazama ukwenza impumelelo ekufeni. Phakathi kwabo, amandla kaHackenschmidt ayamangalisa, angatsala ngaphezulu kweepawundi ezingama-600 ngesandla esinye, kunye nesidlakudla esaziwa kakhulu saseCanada iDandurand kunye nejerman Moerke yaseJamani nayo isebenzisa ubunzima obukhulu. Nangona baninzi oovulindlela bezemidlalo abomeleleyo kwinqanaba eliphezulu, izizukulwana ezizayo zibonakala zihoya enye inkosi: uHermann Goener xa bejonga imbali yabantu ababuleweyo.
UHermann Goener uvele ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, kodwa incopho yayo yayiyee-1920s kunye nee-1930s, ngexesha apho wabeka uthotho lweerekhodi zehlabathi zoqeqesho lwamandla kubandakanya i-kettlebells kunye nokubulawa kwabantu:
Nge-Okthobha i-1920, iLeipzig, ibulewe efile i-360 kg ngezandla zozibini
L Isandla esinye sokususa i-330 kg
Ø Nge-Epreli 1920, hlwitha i-125 kg, ecocekileyo kunye nejerk ye-160 kg
Nge-18 ka-Agasti ka-1933, ukubhubha okugqityiweyo kwagqitywa kusetyenziswa i-barbell bar (amadoda amadala amabini ahleli kwicala ngalinye, amadoda angama-4 ewonke, ama-376.5 kg)
Ezi mpumelelo sele zimangalisa, kwaye emehlweni am, eyona nto iwisa umhlathi ngaye kukuba ugqibile ukubulala iiponti ezingama-596 ngeminwe emine kuphela (zimbini kuphela kwisandla ngasinye). Olu hlobo lwamandla okubamba luqhelekile nasemaphupheni. andicingi! UGoener ukhuthaze ukuthandwa kwabantu abafayo kwihlabathi liphela, ngenxa yoko izizukulwana ezininzi kamva zimbiza ngokuba nguyise wezinto zokufa. Nangona le ngxabano ivulekile ukuba ibuze, uncedisa ekukhuthazeni abantu abafayo. Emva kwee-1930, ukubulawa kwabantu abaphantse baba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yoqeqesho lwamandla. Umzekelo, uJohn Grimek, inkwenkwezi yeqela laseNew York lokuphakamisa iintsimbi ngeminyaka yee-1930, wayengumntu othanda ukubulala abantu. Nokuba abo bangafuni ukuphakamisa iintsimbi ezinzima, ezinje ngeSteve Reeves, basebenzise izixhobo zokufa njengeyona ndlela iphambili yokufumana izihlunu.
Njengokuba abantu abaninzi besenza uqeqesho lokufa, ukusebenza ngokufayo kuyenyuka. Nangona kusasele amashumi eminyaka ukusuka ekuthandeni ukuphakanyiswa kwamandla, abantu baye banomdla ngakumbi ekuphakamiseni iintsimbi ezinzima. Umzekelo, uJohn Terry wabulala iiponti ezingama-600 ezinobunzima obuziikhilogram ezili-132! Malunga neminyaka elishumi emva koku, uBob Peoples wabulala iiponti ezingama-720 ezinobunzima beepawundi ezili-180.
I-Deadlift sele iyindlela yesiqhelo yoqeqesho lokomelela, kwaye abantu bayazibuza ukuba iphi na imida yokufa kwabantu. Yiyo ke loo nto, ugqatso lweengalo ezibalekayo olufanayo nolwe-US-Soviet Cold War racing lwaqala: Ngo-1961, umntu ophethe iintsimbi waseCanada uBen Coats wabulala iiponti ezingama-750 okokuqala, enobunzima obuziikhilogram ezingama-270; Ngo-1969, u-American Don Cundy wabulala iiponti ezingama-270. Iiponti ezingama-801. Abantu babone ithemba lokucela umngeni kwiipawundi ezili-1; kwiminyaka yee-1970 kunye neye-1980, uVince Anello wagqiba iiponti ezingama-800 zokufa okungaphantsi kweeponti ezingama-200. Ngeli xesha, ukuphakamisa amandla kuye kwaba ngumdlalo owaziwayo, utsala inani elikhulu leembaleki ezomeleleyo zamadoda nabasetyhini. Thatha inxaxheba; imbaleki yabasetyhini uJan Todd wabulala iiponti ezingama-400 ngee-1970s, engqina ukuba abasetyhini banokuphumelela kuqeqesho lwamandla.
I-1970 yonke yayilixesha leenkwenkwezi, kwaye ngakumbi nangakumbi abadlali abancinci abancinci baqala ukuphakamisa ubunzima obunzima. Umzekelo, ngo-1974 uMike Cross wabulala iiponti ezingama-549 ngeepawundi ezili-123, kwangalo nyaka mnye, uJohn Kuc wasomelela ngeepawundi ezingama-242. Tsala iiphawundi ezingama-849. Phantse ngaxeshanye, iziyobisi ze-steroid zaqala ukusasazeka ngokuthe ngcembe. Abanye abantu bafezekisile iziphumo ezingcono ngeentsikelelo zeziyobisi, kodwa injongo yeepawundi ezili-1 zokufa kubonakala ngathi ikude. Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1980, abantu babeyifumene i-1,000-squat squat, kodwa owona msebenzi uphezulu ngexesha elinye yayingu-Dan Wohleber's 904 pounds ngo-1982. Kwakungekho ngo-1991 uEd Coan ephakamisa iiplani ezingama-901. Nangona yayikufutshane kuphela kwaye ingayophulanga le rekhodi, uCoan wayenobunzima obuziikhilogram ezingama-220, xa kuthelekiswa nezikaWohleber. Ubunzima bafikelela kuma-297 eepawundi. Kodwa i-1,000 yeepawundi ebulewe ikude kangangokuba inzululwazi sele iqale ukugqiba ukuba i-1,000 yeepawundi ebulalayo ayinakwenzeka ebantwini.
Kude kube ngo-2007, uAndy Bolton odumileyo wanyusa i-1,003 yeepawundi. Emva kweminyaka elikhulu, umntu ophelileyo ekugqibeleni waphula uphawu lweepawundi ezili-1. Kodwa oku akusiso isiphelo. Kwiminyaka embalwa kamva, uAndy Bolton waphula irekhodi lakhe ngeepawundi ezinoburhalarhume ezili-1,008. Irekhodi lehlabathi langoku ngama-501 kg / 1103 eepawundi ezenziwe yi "Magic Mountain". Namhlanje, nangona singakhange sikwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuba ngubani osungule into ebhubhileyo, oko akusabalulekanga. Into ebalulekileyo kukuba kule nkqubo inzima, abantu bayaqhubeka nokuphonononga nokuphucula imida yabo, kwaye kwangaxeshanye bakhuthaze abantu abaninzi ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kwezemidlalo.
Ixesha Post: Jul-24-2021